Vatican City does not operate its own mobile network. Despite being an independent state, the entire 0.49 sq km enclave is covered by Italian mobile carriers — TIM, Vodafone Italia, WindTre, and Iliad — broadcasting from cell towers in surrounding Rome. The ETravelSim Vatican City eSIM uses the Vodafone network, which has independently rated strong 4G/LTE signal across Vatican territory. Functionally, this means the eSIM works the same way an Italian eSIM does inside Vatican.