Does Vatican City have its own mobile network, and how does the eSIM work there?

Vatican City does not operate its own mobile network. Despite being an independent state, the entire 0.49 sq km enclave is covered by Italian mobile carriers — TIM, Vodafone Italia, WindTre, and Iliad — broadcasting from cell towers in surrounding Rome. The ETravelSim Vatican City eSIM uses the Vodafone network, which has independently rated strong 4G/LTE signal across Vatican territory. Functionally, this means the eSIM works the same way an Italian eSIM does inside Vatican.